{"id":1106,"date":"2019-05-22T17:30:01","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T17:30:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=1106"},"modified":"2019-06-24T18:24:12","modified_gmt":"2019-06-24T18:24:12","slug":"tezba-dreva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=1106","title":{"rendered":"T\u011b\u017eba d\u0159eva"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>T\u011b\u017eba d\u0159eva se v\u00a0letech 1945 a\u017e 1989 neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161ovala, ale nikdy nedos\u00e1hla v\u00fd\u0161e celkov\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstu, kter\u00fd se pohybuje kolem 20 milion\u016f m3<\/sup>. P\u0159i kulminaci v\u00a080. letech se ro\u010dn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba bl\u00ed\u017eila k\u00a014 milion\u016fm m3<\/sup>. Pak za\u010dala klesat a nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zaznamenala v\u00a0letech 1991 a\u017e 1993 na necel\u00fdch 10 milion\u016f m3<\/sup>, a to v\u00a0d\u016fsledku navracen\u00ed les\u016f p\u016fvodn\u00edm majitel\u016fm. Nyn\u00ed op\u011bt stoup\u00e1 a v\u00a0roce 2006 dos\u00e1hla 17,68 milionu m3<\/sup>. Listnat\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed z\u00a0celkov\u00e9ho objemu dosahuji asi 11 procent. Pod\u00edl v\u00fdchovn\u00fdch (p\u0159edm\u00fdtn\u00edch) t\u011b\u017eeb (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prob\u00edrek) se pohybuje v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed 25 a\u017e 30 procent. Postupn\u011b se da\u0159\u00ed sni\u017eovat mno\u017estv\u00ed nahodil\u00fdch t\u011b\u017eeb, jejich\u017e pod\u00edl klesl z\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 70 procent na po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let pod 30 procent v\u00a0roce 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u011b\u017eba od 19. stolet\u00ed do sou\u010dasnosti<\/strong><\/h3>\n

P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovina d\u0159eva se zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 na pil\u00e1ch, 25 procent v\u00a0celul\u00f3zopap\u00edrensk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, sedm procent je paliva, zbytek tvo\u0159\u00ed tzv. rovnan\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed a ostatn\u00ed<\/strong> sortimenty.<\/strong> Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee ceny d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed jsou na tuzemsk\u00e9m trhu, p\u0159es sv\u016fj zna\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst od roku 1990, st\u00e1le ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na sv\u011btov\u00fdch trz\u00edch, je d\u0159evo p\u0159edm\u011btem \u010dil\u00e9ho zahrani\u010dn\u00edho obchodu. Krom\u011b pila\u0159sk\u00fdch a celul\u00f3zopap\u00edrensk\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f je v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice rozvinuta v\u00fdroba r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f aglomerovan\u00fdch desek, lepen\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed, stavebn\u011b truhl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch prvk\u016f i montovan\u00fdch domk\u016f. Dlouholetou tradici m\u00e1 v\u00fdroba n\u00e1bytku, hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, z\u00e1palek a dal\u0161\u00edch produkt\u016f ze d\u0159eva.<\/p>\n

Produkce surov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed – nesm\u00edrn\u011b cenn\u00e9, v\u00a0mnoh\u00e9m nenahraditeln\u00e9 a nav\u00edc obnoviteln\u00e9 suroviny je, vedle jin\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, nezanedbateln\u00fdm posl\u00e1n\u00edm les\u016f. D\u00edky tr\u017en\u00edmu zhodnocen\u00ed d\u0159evn\u00ed produkce vznik\u00e1 ekonomick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n k\u00a0soustavn\u00e9 obnov\u011b a zvelebov\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0dobr\u00e9 tradici \u010desk\u00e9ho lesnictv\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed jeho schopnost trvale uspokojovat tuzemskou pot\u0159ebu d\u0159eva z\u00a0vlastn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek i \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 produkce vyv\u00e1\u017eet do zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/strong> Rubem t\u00e9to skute\u010dnosti je fakt, \u017ee spot\u0159eba d\u0159eva na jednoho obyvatele je v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice asi o polovinu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch. \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdvoz\u016f d\u0159eva by bylo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed spot\u0159eby d\u0159eva na dom\u00e1c\u00edm trhu.<\/p>\n

Pozitivn\u00edm jevem je vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edpoklad\u016f pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vysok\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b produk\u010dn\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed i v\u00a0budouc\u00edch letech. To je, s\u00a0ohledem na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 pom\u011bry, mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b cenn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek praktick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti \u010desk\u00e9ho lesnictv\u00ed. Porostn\u00ed z\u00e1soby v\u00a0les\u00edch \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky vzrostly z\u00a0307 milion\u016f m3<\/sup> v\u00a0roce 1930 na 655 milion\u016f m3<\/sup> v\u00a0roce 2005; p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 z\u00e1soba d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed na jeden hektar \u010din\u00ed 246 m3<\/sup>.<\/strong> Na r\u016fst z\u00e1sob m\u011blo vliv zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bry porostn\u00ed p\u016fdy, v\u011bkov\u00fd posun plo\u0161n\u011b nadnorm\u00e1ln\u00edch mlad\u00fdch v\u011bkov\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f do star\u0161\u00edch, z\u00e1sobov\u011b bohat\u0161\u00edch stup\u0148\u016f a v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b zp\u0159es\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed metod zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed porostn\u00edch z\u00e1sob a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 p\u011bstebn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o lesn\u00ed fond.<\/p>\n

O celkov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i t\u011b\u017eeb v\u00a0les\u00edch na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v\u00a0minul\u00fdch stolet\u00edch nem\u00e1me dostatek hodnov\u011brn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f. M\u016f\u017eeme ale p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee v\u00a019. stolet\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba dosahovala kolem 6 a\u017e 7 mil. m3<\/sup><\/strong>. V\u00fdjimku tvo\u0159ily roky mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho p\u0159emno\u017een\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f po v\u011btrn\u00fdch a sn\u011bhov\u00fdch polomech, kdy v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech v\u00fd\u0161e t\u011b\u017eby dosahovala a\u017e desetin\u00e1sobku obvykl\u00e9ho rozsahu.<\/p>\n

Ani po\u010d\u00e1tkem 20. stolet\u00ed<\/strong> nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b. T\u011b\u017eba v\u00fdrazn\u011b nar\u016fst\u00e1 a\u017e v\u00a0obdob\u00ed let 1922 a\u017e 1927, kdy bylo t\u0159eba likvidovat mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u00fdskyt nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f – mni\u0161ky a k\u016frovce. V\u00a0obdob\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 okupace 1939 – 1945 se \u00farove\u0148 t\u011b\u017eby p\u0159ibli\u017eovala situaci v\u00a0nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch kalamitn\u00edch letech. Dostate\u010dn\u011b hodnov\u011brn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o intenzit\u011b exploatace les\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed \u010cR za toto obdob\u00ed, vzhledem k\u00a0p\u0159i\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed pohrani\u010dn\u00edch oblast\u00ed k\u00a0Velkon\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, statistika neposkytuje. Lze ji ale odhadovat mimo jin\u00e9 podle zn\u011bn\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00edho usnesen\u00ed \u010d. 122\/1939, kter\u00e9 upravilo t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed p\u0159edpis jehli\u010dnat\u00fdch d\u0159evin tak, aby odpov\u00eddal 150 procent\u016fm pravideln\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u00edho et\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 l\u00e9ta<\/strong> znamenaj\u00ed prudk\u00fd, ale jen do\u010dasn\u00fd pokles. V\u00a0obdob\u00ed 1950 a\u017e 1970 se t\u011b\u017eba ust\u00e1lila mezi 8 a 9 miliony m3<\/sup> ro\u010dn\u011b. Pot\u00e9, kdy\u017e hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 \u00faprava zjistila, \u017ee v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0r\u016fstem porostn\u00edch z\u00e1sob rostou i t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed mo\u017enosti, doch\u00e1z\u00ed po roce 1970 k\u00a0strm\u00e9mu r\u016fstu t\u011b\u017eeb. Ten pokra\u010doval do roku 1985, kdy bylo v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice vyt\u011b\u017eeno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 14 milion\u016f m3<\/sup>. V\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 80. let se v\u00fd\u0161e t\u011b\u017eby ust\u00e1lila na \u00farovni 12 a\u017e 13 milion\u016f m3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let<\/strong> doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0poklesu t\u011b\u017eeb v\u00a0d\u016fsledku navracen\u00ed lesn\u00edch majetk\u016f p\u016fvodn\u00edm vlastn\u00edk\u016fm na 8 a\u017e 9 milion\u016f m3<\/sup>, ale po stabilizaci vlastnick\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f op\u011bt t\u011b\u017eba stoup\u00e1 a\u017e na 17,68 milionu m3<\/sup> v\u00a0roce 2006. Z\u00a0hlediska d\u0159evinn\u00e9 skladby p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed ve vyt\u011b\u017een\u00e9m d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011b jehli\u010dnany s 89 procenty, z toho smrk 73 procent a borovice 15 procent; listn\u00e1\u010de se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na t\u011b\u017eb\u00e1ch 11 procenty, z\u00a0toho buk p\u011bti a dub 2,6 procenta.<\/p>\n

Zna\u010dn\u00e9 prom\u011bny prod\u011blala samotn\u00e1 technologie t\u011b\u017eby d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed od pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed seker a ru\u010dn\u00edch pil – kaprovek, p\u0159es dvoumu\u017en\u00e9 motorov\u00e9 pily k\u00a0jednomu\u017en\u00fdm motorov\u00fdm pil\u00e1m, a\u017e po dne\u0161n\u00ed t\u011b\u017eebn\u011b dopravn\u00ed technologie – harvestory a vyv\u00e1\u017eec\u00ed soupravy.<\/p>\n

Tucking your shirt in is hardly formal
\nchristina aguilera weight loss<\/a>How to Pull a String Through Sweatpants<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u011b\u017eba d\u0159eva se v\u00a0letech 1945 a\u017e 1989 neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161ovala, ale nikdy nedos\u00e1hla v\u00fd\u0161e celkov\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstu, kter\u00fd se pohybuje kolem 20 milion\u016f m3. P\u0159i kulminaci v\u00a080. letech se ro\u010dn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba bl\u00ed\u017eila k\u00a014 milion\u016fm m3. Pak za\u010dala klesat a nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zaznamenala v\u00a0letech 1991 a\u017e 1993 na necel\u00fdch 10 milion\u016f m3, a to v\u00a0d\u016fsledku navracen\u00ed les\u016f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[8,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky","category-les"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4YkmD-hQ","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1106"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4498,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1106\/revisions\/4498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}