{"id":1580,"date":"2015-09-30T17:51:05","date_gmt":"2015-09-30T17:51:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=1580"},"modified":"2015-09-08T16:30:32","modified_gmt":"2015-09-08T16:30:32","slug":"ochrana-pred-povodnemi-zacina-v-lese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=1580","title":{"rendered":"Ochrana p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v lese"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Povodn\u011b jsou nyn\u00ed \u010dast\u00fdm n\u00e1m\u011btem. Kdy\u017e do\u010dasn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b stoupne voda v \u0159ece nebo potoce, mluv\u00edme o povodni. Ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016ftok\u016f v toc\u00edch a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu zaplavov\u00e1n\u00ed pozemk\u016f v \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed niv\u011b doch\u00e1zelo d\u0159\u00edve dosti pravideln\u011b v obdob\u00ed jarn\u00edho t\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0a tak\u00e9 v obdob\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch \u010di trval\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f. Povodn\u011b jsou p\u0159irozen\u00fdm jevem, mal\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji, velk\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto.\u00a0Neust\u00e1le se diskutuje o p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011b povodn\u00ed, n\u00e1zory kol\u00edsaj\u00ed od z\u00e1sadn\u00edho vlivu \u010dlov\u011bka na v\u00fdvoj klimatu a\u017e po \u010dist\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed podstatu zm\u011bn zejm\u00e9na v z\u00e1vislosti na slune\u010dn\u00edm cyklu.<\/p>\n

Trocha historie<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a>Po dob\u011b ledov\u00e9 se v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 z\u00e1plavy objevuj\u00ed a\u017e v ran\u00e9m st\u0159edov\u011bku, jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou bylo odlesn\u011bn\u00ed zejm\u00e9na horsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.\u00a0P\u0159ed tis\u00edci lety bylo \u00fazem\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed republiky pokryto z 90% p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi lesy, dnes lesy zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed asi 30% plochy. Nelze ale mluvit o trval\u00e9m\u00a0odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 krajiny. Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee od roku 1938, kdy byly naposledy po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b katalogizov\u00e1ny na\u0161e zem\u011b, p\u0159ibylo v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 % zalesn\u011bn\u00fdch ploch a ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s lety 1914 -1917\u00a0se zv\u00fd\u0161ilo zalesn\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 50 %.<\/p>\n

V souvislosti s v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdmi d\u011bji po\u010dala b\u00fdt zhruba od 12. stolet\u00ed niva pravideln\u011b zaplavov\u00e1na a\u00a0zan\u00e1\u0161ena naplavenou hl\u00ednou, proto\u017ee voda rychleji proudila z horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \"\"<\/a>povod\u00ed dol\u016f. Vznikaly ploch\u00e9\u00a0\u00fadoln\u00ed nivy, jak je zn\u00e1me dnes. Prvn\u00ed probl\u00e9my se z\u00e1plavami vytla\u010dily velk\u00e1 s\u00eddla d\u00e1le od \u0159eky na\u00a0vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 m\u00edsta. Lid\u00e9 se v\u0161ak postupn\u011b nau\u010dili hospoda\u0159it a \u017e\u00edt s \u0159ekou v \u00fazk\u00e9m sep\u011bt\u00ed.\u00a0Vztah \u010dlov\u011bka k \u0159ece a vod\u011b se zm\u011bnil hlavn\u011b v posledn\u00edm stolet\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 za\u010dali \u0159eku p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159et,\u00a0zkracovat a prohlubovat jej\u00ed doln\u00ed tok, upravovat jej\u00ed b\u0159ehy, aby z\u00edskali \u00farodn\u00e1 pole, zabr\u00e1nili z\u00e1plav\u00e1m\u00a0a ochr\u00e1nili plodiny p\u0159ed zatopen\u00edm. \u010clov\u011bk se domn\u00edval, \u017ee vodu zcela ovl\u00e1dl a vr\u00e1til se k \u0159ece.\u00a0Postavil domy, silnice, tov\u00e1rny v z\u00e1plavov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce bylo rozor\u00e1no tis\u00edce hektar\u016f\u00a0\u00fadoln\u00edch luk, odvodn\u011bno mnoho mok\u0159ad\u016f, neuv\u00e1\u017een\u011b regulov\u00e1na v\u011bt\u0161ina \u0159ek. Hladina podzemn\u00ed vody\u00a0poklesla m\u00edsty a\u017e o \"\"<\/a>metr.\u00a0Odvodn\u011bn\u00edm luk, pol\u00ed a les\u016f se zrychlil rozklad organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v p\u016fd\u011b,\u00a0\u010d\u00edm\u017e se sn\u00ed\u017eila schopnost p\u016fdy zadr\u017eovat vodu a urychlil se odtok sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch vod z krajiny. P\u0159estalo\u00a0se hnojit chl\u00e9vskou mrvou, a t\u00edm dod\u00e1vat do p\u016fdy l\u00e1tky zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00ed strukturu. Za\u010dala se pou\u017e\u00edvat\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 mechanizace, kter\u00e1 utu\u017euje p\u016fdu, a t\u00edm zhor\u0161uje jej\u00ed schopnost zadr\u017eovat vodu.\u00a0Voda byla rychleji odv\u00e1d\u011bna do doln\u00edho toku a zde se \u010dast\u011bji a na del\u0161\u00ed dobu vyl\u00e9vala do nivy.\u00a0Nar\u016fstaly povod\u0148ov\u00e9 \u0161kody, sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ipomenout povodn\u011b v letech 1997, 2002, 2010.<\/p>\n

Kdo se star\u00e1 o toky v povod\u00ed<\/h3>\n

O vodn\u00ed toky se staraj\u00ed spr\u00e1vci tok\u016f. Jsou to organizace, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed podle z\u00e1kona povinnost pe\u010dovat\u00a0o vodn\u00ed toky a jejich bl\u00edzk\u00e9 okol\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b b\u0159ehov\u00fdch porost\u016f. Spr\u00e1vci tok\u016f navrhuj\u00ed \"\"<\/a>p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm org\u00e1n\u016fm\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy, aby ulo\u017eily vlastn\u00edk\u016fm nemovitost\u00ed ve vodn\u00edm toku nebo v z\u00e1topov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed prov\u00e9st\u00a0opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi. Spr\u00e1vcem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch tok\u016f a staveb\u00a0jsou st\u00e1tn\u00ed podniky Povod\u00ed. Spr\u00e1vcem vodn\u00edch tok\u016f v les\u00edch jsou Lesy \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, s.p., spr\u00e1vcem\u00a0drobn\u00fdch tok\u016f v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 krajin\u011b je Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va , kter\u00e1 se z v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti\u00a0nyn\u00ed integruje do Spr\u00e1vy tok\u016f st\u00e1tn\u00edho podniku Lesy \u010cR. Mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st drobn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f je\u00a0spravov\u00e1na obcemi.<\/p>\n

\u010cinnost st\u00e1tn\u00edho podniku Lesy \u010cR je zam\u011b\u0159ena na preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a zejm\u00e9na na v\u00fdstavbu\u00a0a rekonstrukci objekt\u016f hrazen\u00ed byst\u0159in v oblastech zasa\u017een\u00fdch povodn\u011bmi. Opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou realizov\u00e1na\u00a0p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed reten\u010dn\u00edch prostor\u016f pro zachycen\u00ed \"\"<\/a>splavenin, stabilizace pod\u00e9ln\u00e9ho\u00a0sklonu tok\u016f p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdmi objekty a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed protipovod\u0148ov\u00e9 ochrany zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm propustnosti koryt vodn\u00edch\u00a0tok\u016f. V r\u00e1mci Programu 2000 jsou podporov\u00e1ny ohro\u017een\u00e9 druhy organism\u016f s vazbou na vodn\u00ed\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed, prov\u00e1d\u00ed se likvidace invazn\u00edch nep\u016fvodn\u00edch druh\u016f rostlin, jsou obnovov\u00e1ny a \u010di\u0161t\u011bny\u00a0stud\u00e1nky, z\u0159izov\u00e1ny alt\u00e1ny pln\u00edc\u00ed funkci odpo\u010d\u00edvadel i informa\u010dn\u00ed tabule.\u00a0Nev\u011b\u0159me v\u0161emu\u00a0Tak, jak je vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1n dojem, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e1 krajina se st\u00e1le odles\u0148uje (star\u0161\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i si vzpomenou, \u017ee\u00a0mnoh\u00e1 m\u00edsta b\u011bhem jejich \u017eivota zarostla k\u0159ov\u00edm, tam, kde byla zanedban\u00e1 opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 louka, je\u00a0vzrostl\u00fd les, na nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch poln\u00edch cest\u00e1ch rostou pades\u00e1tilet\u00e9 stromy), tak tak\u00e9 existuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed\u00a0zv\u011bstovan\u00e9 \u201epravdy\u201c.<\/p>\n

Jehli\u010dnat\u00fd les zadr\u017euje \u00fadajn\u011b daleko m\u00e9n\u011b vody ne\u017e listnat\u00fd. V jehli\u010dnat\u00e9m lese zjist\u00edte, \u017ee tam\u00a0nap\u0159\u00edklad roztaje sn\u00edh nejm\u00e9n\u011b o m\u011bs\u00edc pozd\u011bji ne\u017e v prosv\u011btlen\u00e9m a bezlist\u00e9m \"\"<\/a>listnat\u00e9m lese. \u017de\u00a0smrkov\u00fd a jehli\u010dnat\u00fd les v\u016fbec je st\u00e1le i v l\u00e9t\u011b chladn\u00fd a vlhk\u00fd a \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159i de\u0161ti na sv\u00fdch\u00a0jehli\u010dk\u00e1ch zadr\u017eet daleko v\u00edce vody ne\u017e list\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed si spo\u010d\u00edtat povrchovou plochu jehli\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b list\u016f,\u00a0na kterou voda dopadne, a dobu, ne\u017e pros\u00e1kne a\u017e na zem a postavit se v de\u0161ti pod smrk.\u00a0Dal\u0161\u00edm takov\u00fdm m\u00fdtem je, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou povodn\u00ed je narovn\u00e1n\u00ed a vybetonov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159ek. V\u011bt\u0161ina \u0159ek, hlavn\u011b\u00a0mal\u00e9 potoky a horsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u010dky, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily potopu minul\u00fdch dn\u00ed, nen\u00ed zabetonov\u00e1na a v krajin\u011b je\u00a0\u201enarovnali\u201c na\u0161i p\u0159edci u\u017e p\u0159ed stalet\u00edmi. Na m\u00edstn\u00ed povodn\u011b to nem\u011blo 300 let \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv.<\/p>\n

A jak budeme \u017e\u00edt s povodn\u011bmi?<\/h3>\n

Budeme si muset zvyknout. Obdob\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek jsou zaznamen\u00e1na v historii a nejde\u00a0o nic mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho. Nelze technicky zabr\u00e1nit, aby povode\u0148 nevznikla, \"\"<\/a>dojde-li k rychl\u00e9mu t\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00ed sn\u011bhu, kdy\u017e spadnou p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, nebo budou-li sr\u00e1\u017eky dlouhodob\u00e9. Krajina nen\u00ed\u00a0schopna tuto vodu zadr\u017eet a nen\u00ed to vinou \u0161patn\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v lese nebo na poli. Je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b\u00a0nutn\u00e9 d\u011blat i zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 drobnosti, kter\u00e9 mohou pomoci, tak jako je d\u011bl\u00e1me na za\u010d\u00e1tku cesty vody\u00a0krajinou v Les\u00edch \u010cR. Star\u00e1me se o pot\u016f\u010dky, potoky a \u0159\u00ed\u010dky, sna\u017e\u00edme se, aby p\u0159i povodni nebrala vodasebou v\u0161echno, co j\u00ed p\u0159ijde do cesty. Nejrozumn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je j\u00edt vod\u011b z cesty a pustit ji tam, kde nap\u00e1ch\u00e1\u00a0nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kod.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The original Gyaos was supposed to be in this film
\nmiranda lambert weight loss<\/a>McGee Dropped From Angry White Girl Fashion Line<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Povodn\u011b jsou nyn\u00ed \u010dast\u00fdm n\u00e1m\u011btem. Kdy\u017e do\u010dasn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b stoupne voda v \u0159ece nebo potoce, mluv\u00edme o povodni. Ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016ftok\u016f v toc\u00edch a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu zaplavov\u00e1n\u00ed pozemk\u016f v \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed niv\u011b doch\u00e1zelo d\u0159\u00edve dosti pravideln\u011b v obdob\u00ed jarn\u00edho t\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0a tak\u00e9 v obdob\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch \u010di trval\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f. Povodn\u011b jsou p\u0159irozen\u00fdm jevem, mal\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji, velk\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto.\u00a0Neust\u00e1le se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-les","category-voda"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4YkmD-pu","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1580"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4793,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1580\/revisions\/4793"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}