{"id":2290,"date":"2012-09-18T21:47:27","date_gmt":"2012-09-18T21:47:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=2290"},"modified":"2014-12-20T00:40:44","modified_gmt":"2014-12-20T00:40:44","slug":"methanol-a-jeho-pusobeni-na-metabolismus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=2290","title":{"rendered":"Methanol a jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed na metabolismus"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Methanol se metabolizuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v j\u00e1trech, a to pomoc\u00ed enzymu alkoholdehydrogen\u00e1zy na formaldehyd. Ten se d\u00e1le p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje (pomoc\u00ed aldehyddehydrogen\u00e1zy a dal\u0161\u00edch enzym\u016f) na kyselinu mraven\u010d\u00ed. Alternativn\u00ed cestou ke kyselin\u011b mraven\u010d\u00ed je oxidace fol\u00e1tovou metabolickou dr\u00e1hou, kter\u00e1 hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v metabolismu jednouhl\u00edkat\u00fdch zbytk\u016f. Byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na z\u00e1vislost rychlosti t\u00e9to p\u0159em\u011bny na koncentraci tetrahydrofol\u00e1tu v j\u00e1trech \u2013 prim\u00e1ti (stejn\u011b jako \u010dlov\u011bk) maj\u00ed tuto koncentraci v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e potkan, proto je i odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kyseliny mraven\u010d\u00ed pomalej\u0161\u00ed. Kone\u010dn\u00fdm produktem oxidace methanolu p\u0159es kyselinu mraven\u010d\u00ed je oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 oxidativn\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bny methanolu v organizmu<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong>Jedovatost methanolu nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 a\u017e tolik v p\u016fsoben\u00ed t\u00e9to l\u00e1tky (by\u0165 zp\u016fsobuje \u00fatlum CNS), jako sp\u00ed\u0161e v p\u016fsoben\u00ed jej\u00edch rozkladn\u00fdch produkt\u016f \u2013 formaldehydu a kyseliny mraven\u010d\u00ed. Methanol samotn\u00fd se metabolizuje zhruba polovi\u010dn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed oproti ethanolu. Celkov\u00e1 eliminace methanolu je pomal\u00e1, odpov\u00edd\u00e1 zhruba sedmin\u011b rychlosti pro ethanol. Nav\u00edc m\u00e1 ethanol asi dvacetkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed afinitu k alkoholdehydrogen\u00e1ze ne\u017e methanol, proto je preferovan\u00fdm substr\u00e1tem. To umo\u017e\u0148uje pod\u00e1vat ethanol (nebo t\u00e9\u017e fomepizol) jako antidotum p\u0159i intoxikaci, proto\u017ee se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zpomal\u00ed metabolismus methanolu a podstatn\u011b se tak sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed jeho biochemick\u00e9 a klinick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm rizikem p\u0159i intoxikaci methanolem je metabolick\u00e1 acid\u00f3za se zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00fdm anionov\u00fdm oknem. Je zp\u016fsobena hromad\u011bn\u00edm kyseliny mraven\u010d\u00ed a v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi tak\u00e9 kyseliny ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u00fatlumu centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Po\u0161kozuje se s\u00edtnice, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k trval\u00e9 \u00fapln\u00e9 slepot\u011b. D\u016fvodem \u010dast\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed s\u00edtnice je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b fakt, \u017ee (vyjma jater) k odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed methanolu na jeho jedovat\u00e9 produkty doch\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b mimo jin\u00e9 v s\u00edtnici.[10] K \u010dasn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edznak\u016fm otravy pat\u0159\u00ed opilost a ospalost. Po 8 a\u017e 36 hodin\u00e1ch se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed bolesti hlavy, z\u00e1vrat\u011b, k\u00f3ma, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b k\u0159e\u010de. Z\u0159\u00edtelnice jsou rozta\u017een\u00e9, s pomalou nebo \u017e\u00e1dnou reakc\u00ed na sv\u011btlo. Zrak je zhor\u0161en\u00fd nebo rozmazan\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee z\u016fstat na \u00farovni vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btla nebo m\u016f\u017ee nastat \u00fapln\u00e1 slepota. V akutn\u00ed f\u00e1zi je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ekrven\u00ed \u010do\u010dky. B\u011b\u017en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00ed bolesti b\u0159icha, ob\u010das akutn\u00ed pankreatitida.<\/p>\n

Methanol se snadno vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161emi cestami, tedy p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu, vdechov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo p\u0159es k\u016f\u017ei. Ji\u017e po\u017eit\u00ed d\u00e1vek 4\u201310 cm3 m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit trvalou slepotu. Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edly ve vn\u00edmavosti jsou zna\u010dn\u00e9, byla hl\u00e1\u0161ena p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed i po d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch 500\u2013600 cm3 (mo\u017en\u00e1 i d\u00edky sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu po\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ethanolu). P\u0159i hromadn\u00e9 otrav\u011b po po\u017eit\u00ed fal\u0161ovan\u00e9ho v\u00edna (v roce 1986 v It\u00e1lii) bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee p\u0159i hladin\u00e1ch pod 200 mg\/dm3 kyseliny mraven\u010d\u00ed v mo\u010di se nevyvinuly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky ani klinick\u00e9 projevy intoxikace.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed pomoc<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong>Prvn\u00ed pomoc p\u0159i intoxikaci methanolem je vyp\u00edt dv\u011b deci kvalitn\u00edho 40% alkoholu (nap\u0159. vodka) a okam\u017eit\u011b vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc.<\/strong> Ethylalkohol toti\u017e zpomal\u00ed rozklad methanolu a vytvo\u0159\u00ed tak prostor pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd z\u00e1sah.<\/p>\n

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Methanol se metabolizuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v j\u00e1trech, a to pomoc\u00ed enzymu alkoholdehydrogen\u00e1zy na formaldehyd. Ten se d\u00e1le p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje (pomoc\u00ed aldehyddehydrogen\u00e1zy a dal\u0161\u00edch enzym\u016f) na kyselinu mraven\u010d\u00ed. Alternativn\u00ed cestou ke kyselin\u011b mraven\u010d\u00ed je oxidace fol\u00e1tovou metabolickou dr\u00e1hou, kter\u00e1 hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v metabolismu jednouhl\u00edkat\u00fdch zbytk\u016f. Byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na z\u00e1vislost rychlosti t\u00e9to p\u0159em\u011bny na koncentraci<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4YkmD-AW","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2290"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2290\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2292,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2290\/revisions\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}