{"id":3540,"date":"2021-03-26T05:41:20","date_gmt":"2021-03-26T05:41:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=3540"},"modified":"2021-03-16T20:26:08","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T20:26:08","slug":"potravni-retezec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=3540","title":{"rendered":"Potravn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"zvirata\"<\/a>Potravn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec p\u0159edstavuje zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed potravn\u00edch vztah\u016f v ekosyst\u00e9mu se\u0159azen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f tak, \u017ee p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed druh je v\u017edy zdrojem potravy pro druh n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1me t\u0159i typy potravn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pastevn\u011b ko\u0159istnick\u00fd<\/strong>\u00a0– od rostlin ke konzument\u016fm
\nParazitick\u00fd\u00a0<\/strong>– od velk\u00fdch organism\u016f k mal\u00fdm
\nDekompozi\u010dn\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0– od mrtv\u00e9 organick\u00e9 hmoty k mikroorganism\u016fm<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nap\u0159. kopretina – b\u011bl\u00e1sek – v\u00e1\u017eka – skokan – u\u017eovka – \u010d\u00e1p<\/p>\n

Potravn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec<\/strong>\u00a0popisuje potravn\u00ed vztahy mezi druhy v ekosyst\u00e9mu, tj. kter\u00e9 druhy po\u017e\u00edraj\u00ed kter\u00e9. Jin\u00fdmi slovy ukazuje, jak se v r\u00e1mci ekosyst\u00e9mu p\u0159esunuje biologick\u00fd materi\u00e1l a energie z jednoho druhu na druh\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Obvykle se vztah mezi se\u017e\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edm a se\u017e\u00edran\u00fdm organismem v diagramu zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje pomoc\u00ed \u0161ipky, kter\u00e1 reprezentuje p\u0159enos biomasy. Organismy jsou seskupeny do skupin (tzv. trofick\u00fdch \/potravn\u00edch\/ \u00farovn\u00ed) podle toho, jak jsou vzd\u00e1leny od prim\u00e1rn\u00edch producent\u016f.<\/p>\n

Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed producenti, autotrofn\u00ed organismy, dok\u00e1\u017eou vyr\u00e1b\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (tedy vlastn\u011b \u201epotravu“) jen ze zdroj\u016f energie a anorganick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. T\u011bmito organismy jsou obvykle fotosyntetizuj\u00edc\u00ed rostliny a \u0159asy, ale ve vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech to mohou b\u00fdt i chemotrofn\u00ed organismy, jako tomu je nap\u0159\u00edklad na dn\u011b hlubok\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed potravn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec je sled druh\u016f od z\u00e1kladn\u00edho druhu (rostliny) p\u0159es dal\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00fd se j\u00edm \u017eiv\u00ed, a kon\u010d\u00ed vrcholov\u00fdm pred\u00e1torem, kter\u00e9ho u\u017e jin\u00fd druh nekonzumuje.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0les\u00edch jsou jehli\u010dnat\u00e9 a listnat\u00e9 stromy z\u00e1kladn\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nkem potravn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce. Larvy r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f mot\u00fdl\u016f, pilatek a pilo\u0159itek po\u017e\u00edraj\u00ed jehlice a list\u00ed a vyhlod\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u0159evo. V\u00a0zim\u011b, kdy je nouze o potravu, tak\u00e9 tet\u0159ev hlu\u0161ec se \u017eiv\u00ed pupeny a jehli\u010d\u00edm. Pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 pt\u00e1ky a veverky jsou \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 semena jehli\u010dnan\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jeleni a srnky nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u00a0les\u00edch ochranu p\u0159ed nep\u0159\u00edzn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a odhrab\u00e1vaj\u00ed sn\u00edh pod stromy, aby na\u0161li tr\u00e1vy, li\u0161ejn\u00edky a jinou potravu. Mal\u00ed hlodavci, t\u0159eba hrabo\u0161i, se \u017eiv\u00ed k\u016frou, pupeny, houbami, semeny a bobulemi.<\/p>\n

Na ja\u0159e a v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b se objevuje v\u00a0lesich mno\u017estv\u00ed hmyzu, a proto pr\u00e1v\u011b zde hn\u00edzd\u00ed mnoz\u00ed pt\u00e1ci. V\u0161ude hojn\u00ed hrabo\u0161i a jin\u00ed mal\u00ed savci jsou obl\u00edbenou ko\u0159ist\u00ed li\u0161ek, sov a drav\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm na\u0161im \u0161elm\u00e1m, jejich\u017e \u00falohou bylo udr\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu, pat\u0159\u00ed rys, vlk a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b medv\u011bd hn\u011bd\u00fd, kter\u00fd ov\u0161em nen\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u00ed maso\u017eravec.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

layering with a cardigan
\nchristina aguilera weight loss<\/a>Mythical Detective Loki Ragnarok Vol<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Potravn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec p\u0159edstavuje zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed potravn\u00edch vztah\u016f v ekosyst\u00e9mu se\u0159azen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f tak, \u017ee p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed druh je v\u017edy zdrojem potravy pro druh n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed. Rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1me t\u0159i typy potravn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4YkmD-V6","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3540"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5748,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3540\/revisions\/5748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}