{"id":46,"date":"2025-12-22T06:40:30","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T06:40:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=46"},"modified":"2025-11-09T10:09:40","modified_gmt":"2025-11-09T10:09:40","slug":"les-jako-ekosystem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=46","title":{"rendered":"Les jako ekosyst\u00e9m"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Les je spole\u010denstv\u00edm mnoha organism\u016f – rostlin a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou na sob\u011b navz\u00e1jem z\u00e1visl\u00e9 a \u017eij\u00ed v\u00a0podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch ur\u010dit\u00e9ho konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed dan\u00fdch geologick\u00fdm podlo\u017e\u00edm a klimatem. Pro formov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlinn\u00fdch spole\u010denstev je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka.<\/p>\n

Proto je na\u0161e republika s\u00a0jist\u00fdm zjednodu\u0161en\u00edm vertik\u00e1ln\u011b rozd\u011blena do tzv. lesn\u00edch vegeta\u010dn\u00edch stup\u0148\u016f. Sta\u0159\u00ed lesn\u00edci hovo\u0159ili o bytosti lesa. T\u00edm intuitivn\u011b vyjad\u0159ovali to, \u017ee v\u0161echny slo\u017eky lesa spole\u010dn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed ned\u00edlnou jednotu, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 jeho slo\u017eka nem\u016f\u017ee existovat samostatn\u011b. My se v\u00a0t\u00e9to kapitole pod\u00edv\u00e1me na r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy les\u016f, je\u017e vznikly v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch na\u0161\u00ed republiky.<\/p>\n

Vedle podm\u00ednek prost\u0159ed\u00ed je pro lesn\u00ed spole\u010denstvo ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed determinantou stromov\u00e9 patro a skladba jeho d\u0159evin. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm indik\u00e1torem podm\u00ednek p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f les\u016f je p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed patro slo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00a0bylin, travin, kapradin, mechorost\u016f a li\u0161ejn\u00edk\u016f. Rostliny p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho patra, podobn\u011b jako d\u0159eviny, ale mnohem p\u0159esn\u011bji vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed jak klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, tak i vlastn\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b a vlastnosti prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Velmi citliv\u011b reaguj\u00ed na humusov\u00e9 pom\u011bry a vlastnosti svrchn\u00edho p\u016fdn\u00edho horizontu, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e jsou zako\u0159en\u011bny. Jejich v\u00fdskyt indikuje ur\u010ditou humusovou formu, bohatost \u017eivin, vlhkost, sv\u011btlo a teplo. Po dlouholet\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch vztah\u016f mezi rostlinami a prost\u0159ed\u00edm, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e rostou, byly sestaveny tzv. \u201eEkologick\u00e9 skupiny rostlin“ (ESR), kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed lesn\u00edk\u016fm jako pom\u016fcka pro p\u0159ehledn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed rostlin podle ekologick\u00fdch n\u00e1rok\u016f a mo\u017enost\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat je jako indik\u00e1tory ur\u010dit\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed lesa. Tyto skupiny rostlin d\u00e1vaj\u00ed soubornou p\u0159edstavu o v\u00fdsledn\u00e9m vlivu jednotliv\u00fdch faktor\u016f na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m stanovi\u0161ti.<\/p>\n

Organismy vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed \u017eivou slo\u017eku lesa. Pro n\u00e1s \u010dasto tu jedinou viditelnou nebo sly\u0161itelnou. P\u0159esto obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f je na\u0161im o\u010d\u00edm a u\u0161\u00edm skryto. Abychom je na\u0161imi smysly zaznamenali, mus\u00edme se zti\u0161it a zpozorn\u011bt. V\u00fdskyt ur\u010dit\u00fdch druh\u016f strom\u016f, kv\u011btin, mech\u016f, li\u0161ejn\u00edk\u016f, hub a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f v\u00a0lese n\u00e1m mnoh\u00e9 napov\u00ed o jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch i vazb\u00e1ch na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, jako jsou p\u016fda a klima, tedy teplo, vlhkost, sv\u011btlo. Postupn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete zjistit, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 druhy organism\u016f se vyskytuj\u00ed jen v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdch typech les\u016f, tedy p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les je spole\u010denstv\u00edm mnoha organism\u016f – rostlin a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou na sob\u011b navz\u00e1jem z\u00e1visl\u00e9 a \u017eij\u00ed v\u00a0podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch ur\u010dit\u00e9ho konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed dan\u00fdch geologick\u00fdm podlo\u017e\u00edm a klimatem. Pro formov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlinn\u00fdch spole\u010denstev je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky","category-les"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4YkmD-K","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5960,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46\/revisions\/5960"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}