{"id":5297,"date":"2023-07-22T10:40:09","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T10:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=5297"},"modified":"2023-08-31T14:17:40","modified_gmt":"2023-08-31T14:17:40","slug":"biotopy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=5297","title":{"rendered":"Biotopy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"biotop\"<\/a>P\u0159edstavte si n\u011bjak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed m\u00edsto v krajin\u011b, kter\u00e9 je tvo\u0159eno typick\u00fdmi horninami, m\u00e1 svou vlhkost a klima, rostou na n\u011bm ur\u010dit\u00e9 druhy rostlin a \u017eij\u00ed na n\u011bm ur\u010dit\u00e9 druhy \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Tyto \u017eiv\u00e9 i ne\u017eiv\u00e9 slo\u017eky na sebe navz\u00e1jem p\u016fsob\u00ed a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed a formuj\u00ed. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se tak typick\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1me biotop. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho biotopu jsou r\u016fzn\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b, co\u017e je ozna\u010den\u00ed pro m\u00edsta, na kter\u00fdch se dan\u00e9 organismy v biotopu vyskytuj\u00ed. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd biotop m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy stanovi\u0161\u0165. Pro n\u00e1zornost si m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st volavku popelavou a kormor\u00e1na velk\u00e9ho. Oba jsou typick\u00fdmi pta\u010d\u00edmi obyvateli vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. V tomto konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm biotopu se v\u0161ak ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich vyskytuje na jin\u00e9m stanovi\u0161ti. Zat\u00edmco volavka lov\u00ed svou ko\u0159ist ze b\u0159ehu nebo vod\u011b ne hlub\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159icet centimetr\u016f, kormor\u00e1n se nejrad\u011bji pohybuje uprost\u0159ed \u0159eky \u010di jezera a ned\u011bl\u00e1 mu probl\u00e9m lovit i v \u0161estimetrov\u00e9 hloubce. Stanovi\u0161t\u011b pro hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak mohou m\u00edt oba druhy podobn\u00e1. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci pova\u017euj\u00ed term\u00edny \u201estanovi\u0161t\u011b\u201c a \u201ebiotop\u201cza v\u00fdznamov\u011b stejn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e sto pades\u00e1t typ\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch biotop\u016f, rozd\u011blen\u00fdch do dev\u00edti z\u00e1kladn\u00edch tzv. forma\u010dn\u00edch skupin. Jednotliv\u00e9 biotopy jsou definov\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed rostlinn\u00fdch spole\u010denstev. \u010cesk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody jednotliv\u00e9 biotopy mapuj\u00ed, katalogizuj\u00ed a seznamy pravideln\u011b aktualizuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, ve v\u00fd\u010dtu biotop\u016f je jmenov\u00e1no dev\u011bt z\u00e1kladn\u00edch skupin. Jsou to : Vodn\u00ed toky a n\u00e1dr\u017ee, mok\u0159ady a pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed vegetace, prameni\u0161t\u011b a ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u011b, sk\u00e1ly sut\u011b a jeskyn\u011b, alp\u00ednsk\u00e9 bezles\u00ed, sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed tr\u00e1vn\u00edky a v\u0159esovi\u0161t\u011b, k\u0159oviny, lesy a biotopy siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 nebo vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bkem. Do ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u00e9to skupiny jsou zahrnuty r\u016fzn\u00e9 po\u010dty p\u0159esn\u011b definovan\u00fdch typ\u016f biotop\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve skupin\u011b \u201eVodn\u00ed toky a n\u00e1dr\u017ee\u201c je jich \u0161est, \u201ePrameni\u0161t\u011b a ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u011b\u201cje jich uvedeno t\u0159in\u00e1ct a skupina \u201eSekund\u00e1rn\u00ed tr\u00e1vn\u00edky a v\u0159esovi\u0161t\u011b\u201c m\u00e1 takov\u00fdch biotop\u016f skoro pades\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee jsou biotopy \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b klasifikov\u00e1ny a zmapov\u00e1ny, nejedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b ohrani\u010den\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed s p\u0159esn\u00fdm po\u010dtem vyjmenovan\u00fdch rostlinn\u00fdch a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch druh\u016f. Naopak, oblasti se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b prol\u00ednaj\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 mezistupn\u011b a p\u0159echodov\u00e9 typy. Nezanedbatelnou roli na neust\u00e1le prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch biotop\u016f hraje lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost a v posledn\u00edch letech i zm\u011bny klimatu.<\/p>\n

Autor \u010dl\u00e1nku: Pavel R\u00e9vay \/ mezistromy.cz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159edstavte si n\u011bjak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed m\u00edsto v krajin\u011b, kter\u00e9 je tvo\u0159eno typick\u00fdmi horninami, m\u00e1 svou vlhkost a klima, rostou na n\u011bm ur\u010dit\u00e9 druhy rostlin a \u017eij\u00ed na n\u011bm ur\u010dit\u00e9 druhy \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Tyto \u017eiv\u00e9 i ne\u017eiv\u00e9 slo\u017eky na sebe navz\u00e1jem p\u016fsob\u00ed a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/s4YkmD-biotopy","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5297"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5299,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5297\/revisions\/5299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}