{"id":5310,"date":"2021-04-10T07:52:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-10T07:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=5310"},"modified":"2021-05-06T17:16:58","modified_gmt":"2021-05-06T17:16:58","slug":"vychova-lesnich-porostu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=5310","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdchova lesn\u00edch porost\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/vychova-porostu.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-5311\" src=\"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/vychova-porostu-150x100.jpg\" alt=\"vychova-porostu\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/vychova-porostu-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/vychova-porostu-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/vychova-porostu-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/vychova-porostu-700x467.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/vychova-porostu.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>Stejn\u011b jako lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou za sv\u016fj \u017eivot \u201eformov\u00e1ni\u201c rodi\u010di, \u0161kolou, kamar\u00e1dy, i stromy jsou p\u0159i sv\u00e9m r\u016fstu ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1ny tak, aby uspokojovaly pot\u0159eby \u010dlov\u011bka. Roli \u201evychovatele\u201c v&nbsp;<b>hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m lese<\/b> na sebe bere odborn\u00edk &#8211; lesn\u00edk. Soustavnou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed od <b>zalo\u017een\u00ed lesn\u00edho porostu<\/b> a\u017e po jeho <b>m\u00fdtn\u00ed zralost<\/b>, lesn\u00edk zaji\u0161\u0165uje optim\u00e1ln\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech funkc\u00ed lesa.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">V\u00fdchova lesn\u00edch porost\u016f se prov\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00fdchovn\u00fdmi z\u00e1sahy, kdy se z&nbsp;lesn\u00edho porostu mechanicky nebo chemicky odstra\u0148uj\u00ed nevhodn\u00ed jedinci.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">V\u00fdchovn\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy se rozd\u011bluj\u00ed n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby. Podle toho, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem v\u00fdchovn\u00fd z\u00e1sah lesn\u00edci prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, se d\u011bl\u00ed na pozitivn\u00ed (kladn\u00fd) v\u00fdb\u011br a negativn\u00ed (z\u00e1porn\u00fd) v\u00fdb\u011br. P\u0159i pozitivn\u00edm v\u00fdb\u011bru lesn\u00edci sleduj\u00ed stromy s vhodn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi a odstra\u0148uj\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed stromy, kter\u00e9 stromy s&nbsp;vhodn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi omezuj\u00ed ve v\u00fdvoji. P\u0159i negativn\u00edm v\u00fdb\u011bru lesn\u00edci odstra\u0148uj\u00ed stromy s&nbsp;nevhodn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Podle toho, na jak\u00e9 vlastnosti strom\u016f se lesn\u00edk p\u0159i vyzna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdchovn\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu u strom\u016f zam\u011b\u0159uje, se d\u011bl\u00ed na zdravotn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br, druhov\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br a jakostn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br. P\u0159i zdravotn\u00edm v\u00fdb\u011bru lesn\u00edk odstra\u0148uje nemocn\u00e9, uhynul\u00e9 a po\u0161kozen\u00e9 jedince, jedn\u00e1 se tedy o negativn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br. U druhov\u00e9ho v\u00fdb\u011bru lesn\u00edk upravuje druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed lesn\u00edho porostu pozitivn\u00edm v\u00fdb\u011brem nebo negativn\u00edm v\u00fdb\u011brem. U jakostn\u00edho v\u00fdb\u011bru lesn\u00edk stromy hodnot\u00ed podle tvaru kmene, tvaru koruny a tak\u00e9 podle zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00ed stromu. Jakostn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt op\u011bt negativn\u00ed nebo pozitivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Podle toho, jestli byl lesn\u00ed porost zalo\u017een <b>um\u011blou obnovou<\/b> nebo <b>p\u0159irozenou obnovou<\/b>, se li\u0161\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tek v\u00fdchovy lesa. Lesn\u00ed porosty zalo\u017een\u00e9 p\u0159irozenou obnovou \u2013 <b>n\u00e1rosty<\/b> &#8211; maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det jedinc\u016f na plo\u0161e a v\u011bt\u0161inou jsou i druhov\u011b pest\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed. U n\u00e1rost\u016f je pot\u0159eba s&nbsp;v\u00fdchovou za\u010d\u00edt mnohem d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e u um\u011ble zalo\u017een\u00fdch lesn\u00edch porost\u016f \u2013 <b>kultur<\/b>. Prvn\u00ed z\u00e1sah v&nbsp;n\u00e1rostech se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 <b>prost\u0159ih\u00e1vka<\/b> a doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i n\u011bm k&nbsp;prostorov\u00e9 a druh\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b slo\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1rostu. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je roz\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1rostu, kter\u00fd zajist\u00ed zp\u0159ehledn\u011bn\u00ed plochy a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo ohro\u017een\u00ed sn\u011bhem. Odstra\u0148uj\u00ed se zejm\u00e9na <b>p\u0159edr\u016fstav\u00ed jedinci<\/b> a jedinci po\u0161kozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><a name=\"_GoBack\"><\/a>Dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sah se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 <b>pro\u0159ez\u00e1vka<\/b>, kterou lesn\u00edci vychov\u00e1vaj\u00ed <b>mlaziny<\/b> a <b>ty\u010dkoviny<\/b>. Pro\u0159ez\u00e1vka v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje druhovou skladbu, zdravotn\u00ed stav, kvalitu a odolnost lesn\u00edho porostu proti abiotick\u00fdm vliv\u016fm. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pro\u0159ez\u00e1vek je tak\u00e9 roz\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed porostu linkami. Linky umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pohyb mechaniza\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f a rovnom\u011brn\u011b zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148uj\u00ed celou plochu lesn\u00edho porostu. Pro\u0159ez\u00e1vky lesn\u00edci prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed bu\u010f individu\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, nebo schematicky. P\u0159i individu\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdchovy lesn\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na negativn\u00ed jakostn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br. Schematick\u00fd z\u00e1sah znamen\u00e1 odstran\u011bn\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u0159ad strom\u016f po cel\u00e9 plo\u0161e lesn\u00edho porostu.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">V\u00fdchova lesn\u00edch porost\u016f ve stadiu vysp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy lesn\u00ed porosty je\u0161t\u011b nedos\u00e1hly <b>m\u00fdtn\u00ed zralosti<\/b>, se prov\u00e1d\u00ed <b>prob\u00edrkou.<\/b> Prob\u00edrkou lesn\u00edci vychov\u00e1vaj\u00ed <b>ty\u010doviny<\/b> a <b>kmenoviny<\/b>, prob\u00edrka se prov\u00e1d\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, schematick\u00fd z\u00e1sah nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd. Na rozd\u00edl od pro\u0159ez\u00e1vek je v\u00fdznam prob\u00edrek nejen p\u011bstebn\u00ed, ale i ekonomick\u00fd, proto\u017ee z prob\u00edrek vychov\u00e1van\u00fdch porost\u016f se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u0159evo, nap\u0159\u00edklad na v\u00fdrobu pap\u00edru. \u00dakolem prob\u00edrek je podpora <b>hmotov\u00e9 produkce<\/b> lesn\u00edho porostu, zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti lesn\u00edho porostu proti \u0161kodliv\u00fdm \u010dinitel\u016fm a usm\u011brn\u011bn\u00ed druh\u00e9 skladby lesn\u00edho porostu. Prob\u00edrkou lesn\u00edci hledaj\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed pom\u011br mezi po\u010dtem strom\u016f a jejich individu\u00e1ln\u00edm prostorem. Lesn\u00edci prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed pod\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 prob\u00edrky, kter\u00e9 negativn\u00edm v\u00fdb\u011brem zasahuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na do<b>pod\u00farovn\u011b porostu<\/b> nebo \u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 prob\u00edrky, kter\u00e9 kladn\u00fdm v\u00fdb\u011brem uvol\u0148uj\u00ed nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stromy v&nbsp;<b>\u00farovni porostu<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dnou f\u00e1zi v\u00fdchovy lesn\u00edch porost\u016f je uvol\u0148ovac\u00ed prob\u00edrka. C\u00edlem je vybran\u00fdm strom\u016fm zv\u011bt\u0161it \u017eivotn\u00ed prostor a poskytnout jim tak v\u00edce \u017eivin. T\u00edmto z\u00e1sahem lesn\u00edci vybran\u00fdm strom\u016fm zvy\u0161uj\u00ed <b>tlou\u0161\u0165kov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edr\u016fst<\/b> a hmotovou produkci. Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 uvol\u0148ovac\u00ed prob\u00edrka p\u0159ipravit porost pro p\u0159irozenou obnovu, a to zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm plodivosti vybran\u00fdch jedinc\u016f a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm jejich korun.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><b>www.mezistromy.cz<\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stejn\u011b jako lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou za sv\u016fj \u017eivot \u201eformov\u00e1ni\u201c rodi\u010di, \u0161kolou, kamar\u00e1dy, i stromy jsou p\u0159i sv\u00e9m r\u016fstu ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1ny tak, aby uspokojovaly pot\u0159eby \u010dlov\u011bka. Roli \u201evychovatele\u201c v&nbsp;hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m lese na sebe bere odborn\u00edk &#8211; lesn\u00edk. Soustavnou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed od zalo\u017een\u00ed lesn\u00edho porostu a\u017e po jeho m\u00fdtn\u00ed zralost, lesn\u00edk zaji\u0161\u0165uje optim\u00e1ln\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech funkc\u00ed lesa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4YkmD-1nE","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5310"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5943,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5310\/revisions\/5943"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}