{"id":5313,"date":"2017-04-10T06:55:45","date_gmt":"2017-04-10T06:55:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=5313"},"modified":"2017-04-09T07:58:52","modified_gmt":"2017-04-09T07:58:52","slug":"tezba-lesa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/?p=5313","title":{"rendered":"T\u011b\u017eba lesa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"CENTER\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/tezba-lesa.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-5314\" src=\"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/tezba-lesa-150x100.jpg\" alt=\"tezba-lesa\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/tezba-lesa-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/tezba-lesa-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/tezba-lesa-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/tezba-lesa-700x467.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/tezba-lesa.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>Lesnick\u00fd nau\u010dn\u00fd slovn\u00edk, vydan\u00fd Ministerstvem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed v roce 1995, d\u00edl II., str. 443, definuje pojem \u201ct\u011b\u017eba lesn\u00ed\u201d jako rozs\u00e1hlou lesnickou \u010dinnost zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed k\u00e1cen\u00ed strom\u016f, jejich opracov\u00e1n\u00ed, dopravu, manipulaci v porostu nebo na skladech i expedici s t\u00edm, \u017ee \u201ct\u011b\u017eba lesn\u00ed\u201d zahrnuje<!--more--> vedle t\u011b\u017eby d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed tak\u00e9 tzv. p\u0159idru\u017eenou vedlej\u0161\u00ed t\u011b\u017ebu, tj. z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a dopravu jin\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f z lesa nebo z lesn\u00ed p\u016fdy ne\u017e d\u0159evo (nap\u0159. k\u016fra, prysky\u0159ice, lesn\u00ed plody, semena, tr\u00e1va, klest, k\u00e1men, p\u00edsek, ra\u0161elina apod.). Z t\u00e9to definice vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee pojem \u201ct\u011b\u017eba lesn\u00ed\u201d je pojmem obsahov\u011b \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e pojem \u201ct\u011b\u017eba d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed\u201d. Lesnick\u00fd nau\u010dn\u00fd slovn\u00edk: v\u00fdklad pojmu t\u011b\u017eba. In: <i>Www.lesprace.cz <\/i>[online]. [cit. 2016-12-08]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:http:\/\/www.lesprace.cz\/casopis-lesnicka-prace-archiv\/rocnik-81-2002\/lesnicka-prace-c-1-02\/vyklad-pojmu-tezba.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">T\u011b\u017eba a doprava d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed (synonymum \u201elesn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba\u201c) je lesnick\u00fd obor, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echny zp\u016fsoby t\u011b\u017eby d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed v lesn\u00edch porostech, a jeho n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 dopravy. P\u0159edstavuje soubor technologick\u00fdch a pracovn\u00edch proces\u016f, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se k\u00e1cen\u00ed a zpracovan\u00ed strom\u016f, tj.<b>odv\u011btvov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/b>, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b <b>odkor\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/b> kmen\u016f a jejich kr\u00e1ceni na <b>sortimenty<\/b> surov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, a d\u00e1le pak dopravy d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, a to zejm\u00e9na dopravy prim\u00e1rn\u00ed \u2013 z lesn\u00edch porost\u016f ke komunikac\u00edm (tzv. soust\u0159e\u010fovan\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed), ale i sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed \u2013 po pozemn\u00edch komunikac\u00edch (tzv. odvoz d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed).<br \/>\nV \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm smyslu pak zahrnuje i souvisej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby prvotn\u00edho zpracovan\u00ed (p\u0159edzpracovan\u00ed) d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed. <i>T\u011b\u017eba a doprava d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed<\/i>[online]. P\u00edsek, 2013 [cit. 2016-12-08]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: www.clatrutnov.cz. U\u010debn\u00ed texty. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00e1 \u0161kola lesnick\u00e1 a St\u0159edn\u00ed lesnick\u00e1 \u0161kola Bed\u0159icha Schwarzenberga P\u00edsek. Vedouc\u00ed pr\u00e1ce Ing. B\u00edlek, K. a kolektiv.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Z pohledu modern\u00edho lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, ch\u00e1pan\u00e9ho jako pe\u010de o <b>lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my<\/b> tak, aby byla zachov\u00e1na jejich <b>biologick\u00e1 rozr\u016fzn\u011bnost<\/b>, produktivnost, \u017eivotaschopnost, schopnost obnovy a schopnost plnit nyn\u00ed i v budoucnu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9, ekonomick\u00e9<br \/>\na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce, a to na m\u00edstn\u00ed, celost\u00e1tn\u00ed i celosv\u011btov\u00e9 \u00farovni, a tak, aby nedoch\u00e1zelo<br \/>\nk po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed ostatn\u00edch <b>ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f<\/b> (z\u00e1v\u011bry Evropsk\u00e9 konference Helsinki, 1993), je t\u011b\u017eba d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fdm lesn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159 aktivn\u011b zasahuje do v\u00fdvoje lesn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f. <i>T\u011b\u017eba a doprava d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed<\/i> [online]. P\u00edsek, 2013 [cit. 2016-12-08]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: www.clatrutnov.cz. U\u010debn\u00ed texty. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00e1 \u0161kola lesnick\u00e1 a St\u0159edn\u00ed lesnick\u00e1 \u0161kola Bed\u0159icha Schwarzenberga P\u00edsek. Vedouc\u00ed pr\u00e1ce Ing.B\u00edlek, K. a kolektiv.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">T\u011b\u017eba a doprava d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed je tak\u00e9 oborem, ve kter\u00e9m se lesn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed nejv\u00edce dot\u00fdk\u00e1 techniky a technologie.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">C\u00edlem prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed je zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed stability, odolnosti, kvality a\u00a0druhov\u00e9 rozmanitosti lesa v\u00a0mlad\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku \u2013 tzv. <b>t\u011b\u017eba v\u00fdchovn\u00e1<\/b> a\u00a0v\u010dasn\u00e9 zah\u00e1jen\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fdch proces\u016f obnovy lesa nov\u00fdmi odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi, kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a\u00a0druhov\u011b pest\u0159ej\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1sledn\u00fdmi lesn\u00edmi porosty u\u00a0porost\u016f star\u0161\u00edch \u2013 tzv. <b>t\u011b\u017eba obnovn\u00ed<\/b>. Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm c\u00edlem prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby v\u00a0les\u00edch je odstran\u011bn\u00ed strom\u016f nemocn\u00fdch, po\u0161kozen\u00fdch a\u00a0napaden\u00fdch r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u0161k\u016fdci a\u00a0chorobami proto, aby bylo zabr\u00e1n\u011bno \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f a\u00a0chorob na dal\u0161\u00ed zdrav\u00e9 stromy. Jak\u00e1koliv t\u011b\u017eba v\u00a0les\u00edch mus\u00ed b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1na v\u017edy v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0platn\u00fdmi legislativn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy a\u00a0v souladu se strategi\u00ed <b>trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0les\u00edch<\/b>. Lesn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba. <i>Www.lesycr.cz<\/i> [online]. [cit. 2016-12-08]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: http:\/\/www.lesycr.cz\/drevo\/lesni-tezba\/Stranky\/default.aspx.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Z\u00e1kon o les\u00edch 289\/1995 Sb. rozd\u011bluje t\u011b\u017ebu d\u0159eva z\u00a0hlediska dosa\u017een\u00ed (nedosa\u017een\u00ed) <b>m\u00fdtn\u00e9ho v\u011bku<\/b> (doba, kdy stromy p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ir\u016fstat a jsou st\u00e1le n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdm chorob\u00e1m a p\u016fsoben\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f) a tak\u00e9 d\u016fvod\u016f t\u011b\u017eby na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v\u00fdchovn\u00e1 (p\u0159edm\u00fdtn\u00ed \u00famysln\u00e1) t\u011b\u017eba v\u00a0porostech do 40 let v\u011bku, kter\u00e1 se prov\u00e1d\u00ed ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed stability, kvality a\u00a0druhov\u00e9 pestrosti lesn\u00edch porost\u016f v\u00a0mlad\u00e9m v\u011bku<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdchovn\u00e1 (p\u0159edm\u00fdtn\u00ed \u00famysln\u00e1) t\u011b\u017eba v\u00a0porostech nad 40 let v\u011bku, kter\u00e1 je ur\u010dena k\u00a0podpo\u0159e stability, kvality a\u00a0druhov\u00e9 pestrosti lesn\u00edch porost\u016f ve star\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku<\/li>\n<li>obnovn\u00ed (m\u00fdtn\u00ed \u00famysln\u00e1) t\u011b\u017eba &#8211; ur\u010den\u00e1 k\u00a0obnov\u011b lesn\u00edch porost\u016f star\u0161\u00edch 80 let, kter\u00e9 nep\u0159esahuj\u00ed velikost t\u011b\u017een\u00e9 plochy stanoven\u00e9 z\u00e1konem o\u00a0les\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>nahodil\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba, kter\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 v\u00a0les\u00edch v\u00a0d\u016fsledku p\u016fsoben\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdch \u010dinitel\u016f (v\u00edtr, sn\u00edh, n\u00e1mraza, hmyz\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdci, houbov\u00e9 choroby apod.)<\/li>\n<li>mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba, kter\u00e1 je realizov\u00e1na v\u00a0lesn\u00edch porostech v\u00a0d\u016fsledku rozhodnut\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy a\u00a0odlesn\u011bn\u00ed pro nap\u0159. v\u00fdstavbu apod.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Ro\u010dn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba d\u0159eva se v\u00a0\u010cR v\u00a0posledn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed pohybuje mezi 15-17 mil m<sup>3<\/sup> a s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou velk\u00fdch kalamit (nap\u0159. ork\u00e1n Kyrill v\u00a0roce 2007 s\u00a0ro\u010dn\u00ed t\u011b\u017ebou 18,51 mil. m<sup>3<\/sup>) trvale nedosahuje hodnoty p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jak celkov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby, tak pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed na hektar trvale rostou. Pro p\u0159edstavu se ro\u010dn\u011b v \u010cR vyt\u011b\u017e\u00ed tolik d\u0159eva, kter\u00e9 by bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed na stavbu zhruba 110 celod\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch dom\u016f.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Z hlediska d\u0159evinn\u00e9 skladby p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed ve vyt\u011b\u017een\u00e9m d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011b jehli\u010dnany 89 %,<br \/>\nz toho smrk 73 %, borovice 15 %; listn\u00e1\u010de se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na t\u011b\u017eb\u00e1ch 11 %, z toho buk 5 %, dub 2,6 %. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 % d\u0159eva se zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 na pil\u00e1ch, 25 % v celul\u00f3zopap\u00edrensk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, 7 % je paliva, zbytek je tzv. <b>rovnan\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed<\/b> a ostatn\u00ed sortimenty. <i>D\u011bjiny lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a d\u0159evozpracuj\u00edc\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu<\/i> [online]. Brno, 2014 [cit. 2016-12-08]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/akela.mendelu.cz\/. U\u010debn\u00ed text. Mendelova univerzita v Brn\u011b. Vedouc\u00ed pr\u00e1ce Ing. Josef Lenoch, Ph.D.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Produkce <b>surov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed<\/b> \u2013 nesm\u00edrn\u011b cenn\u00e9, v mnoh\u00e9m nenahraditeln\u00e9 a nav\u00edc obnoviteln\u00e9 suroviny je, vedle jin\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, nezanedbateln\u00fdm posl\u00e1n\u00edm les\u016f. D\u00edky tr\u017en\u00edmu zhodnocen\u00ed d\u0159evn\u00ed produkce vznik\u00e1 ekonomick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n k soustavn\u00e9 obnov\u011b a zvelebov\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f. K dobr\u00e9 tradici \u010desk\u00e9ho lesnictv\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed jeho schopnost trvale uspokojovat tuzemskou pot\u0159ebu d\u0159eva z vlastn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek i \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 produkce vyv\u00e1\u017eet do zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Rubem t\u00e9to skute\u010dnosti je fakt, \u017ee spot\u0159eba d\u0159eva v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je asi o 1\/2 na obyvatele ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch. \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdvoz\u016f d\u0159eva by bylo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed spot\u0159eby d\u0159eva na dom\u00e1c\u00edm trhu. <i>D\u011bjiny lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a d\u0159evozpracuj\u00edc\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu<\/i> [online]. Brno, 2014 [cit. 2016-12-08]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/akela.mendelu.cz\/. U\u010debn\u00ed text. Mendelova univerzita v Brn\u011b. Vedouc\u00ed pr\u00e1ce Ing. Josef Lenoch, Ph.D.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">www.mezistromy.cz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lesnick\u00fd nau\u010dn\u00fd slovn\u00edk, vydan\u00fd Ministerstvem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed v roce 1995, d\u00edl II., str. 443, definuje pojem \u201ct\u011b\u017eba lesn\u00ed\u201d jako rozs\u00e1hlou lesnickou \u010dinnost zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed k\u00e1cen\u00ed strom\u016f, jejich opracov\u00e1n\u00ed, dopravu, manipulaci v porostu nebo na skladech i expedici s t\u00edm, \u017ee \u201ct\u011b\u017eba lesn\u00ed\u201d zahrnuje<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4YkmD-1nH","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5313"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5316,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5313\/revisions\/5316"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benateckyctyrlistek.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}